Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!hookup!news.join.ad.jp!sinetnews!newssinet!daffy!uwvax!uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!news.sprintlink.net!news-stk-200.sprintlink.net!paperboy.ids.net!newsfeed.internetmci.com!in2.uu.net!munnari.OZ.AU!news.mel.connect.com.au!the-fly.zip.com.au!zipper.zip.com.au!not-for-mail From: alexm@zip.com.au (Alex Maddison) Newsgroups: comp.emulators.apple2,alt.emulators.ibmpc.apple2,alt.emulators,comp.emulators,alt.answers,comp.answers,news.answers Subject: Apple ][ Emulator Resources Guide 1.1 (1/1) Followup-To: comp.emulators.apple2 Date: 23 Aug 1996 12:19:14 GMT Organization: Leng in the Cold Waste Lines: 2934 Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU Message-ID: <4vk7k2$e0r@the-fly.zip.com.au> Reply-To: Alex Maddison NNTP-Posting-Host: zipper.zip.com.au Summary: This FAQ contains Frequently Asked Questions about cross-platform Apple ][ computer emulators and disk-images (software) for them. X-Newsreader: TIN [UNIX 1.3 BETA-950824 PL0] Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.emulators.apple2:9345 alt.emulators.ibmpc.apple2:1510 alt.answers:20034 comp.answers:20736 news.answers:80055 Archive-name: apple2/emulators-faq/part1 Posting-Frequency: monthly Version: 1.1 ******************************************************************************* * * * Apple ][ Emulator Resources Guide * * version 1.1 * * * * Ó(c)1995,1996 Alex Maddison * * * * * * Corrections and constructive criticism welcome. * * * * Last updated: August 1996 * * * * Newsgroups: comp.emulators.apple2, alt.emulators.ibmpc.apple2, comp.answers * * Posted: First week of each month or on demand. * * * * ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/apple2/emulators-faq/part1 * * http://www.st.rim.or.jp/~gkt/dox/apple2_emulators-faq_0596 * * http://www.cs.ruu.nl/wais/html/na-dir/apple2/emulators-faq/part1.html * * http://www.smartpages.com/bngfaqs/comp/emulators/apple2/top.html * * * ******************************************************************************* (An "*" represents new information - new versions do not constitute new information) Introduction 1) The Apple ROMs 2) Apple ][ emulators & projects General Emulator Related Files * Apple Macintosh Platform Atari Platform Commodore Amiga Platform Commodore 64 Platform IBM-PC - Linux Platform * IBM-PC - MSDOS Platform * IBM-PC - Windows Platform * UNIX/NeXT Platform YAE (Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator) * Apple IIgs Emulators & Projects * 3) Emulator resources (FTP/WWW, disk-image sites, software & information) 4) Compression techniques * 5) Creating/extracting disk-images * 6) Disk-image formats & conversion 7) Working with disk-images 8) Apple DOS/ProDOS commands 9) Further Reading ******************************************************************************* Introduction Back after a long absence :-). Keeping it short this month - there will be a WWW page for the Emulator Resources Guide by mid-September 96, offering a full graphical version as well as the standard text version (ie. this one). Hopefully this will mean that the FAQ is easier to maintain should see a return to regular monthly postings of it to the newsgroup. The disk-images sections will be re- written (again) but the format of the emulator section should remain unchanged. Well, back to it! Regards, Alex. ******************************************************************************* 1) The Apple ROMs According to the 'Apple II User's Guide', the read-only memory (ROM) “contents never change, even when you turn the power off. ROM contains the programs which give the Apple II its unique identity and enables it to understand and respond appropriately to the commands you type in at the keyboard.” (p.4) Every computer contains ROMs, and understandably, they are copyrighted by the manufacturer. As such, many of the emulator packages listed below do not include the ROMs required to emulate an Apple ][. ROMs can be duplicated from your original Apple computer in the form of binary files - usually the Apple, disk-drive and serial ROMs. Instructions for saving the information from the ROMs into binary files can be found in the text file "dumping-ROMs" available on wilbur. Emulator packages which do not include the ROMs often include instructions on dumping ROMs. This information is specifically indicated in the descriptions below. As an aside, the main Apple ROMs are included on the original DOS3.3 System Master Disk, in the "FPBASIC" and "INTBASIC" machine language files. ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/dumping-ROMs There are some ROM files available from the following addresses (legally you may only use these ROM files if you own a corresponding Apple computer): ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom (Apple ][+ ROM) (ApplePC ROMs) ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/Apple_IIc_ROM.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/IIerom.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/apple_ii.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/plusrom.zip ******************************************************************************* 2) Apple ][ emulators The SHORT DESCRIPTION is intended only as a general guide; refer to the documentation that comes with each package for the complete technical information. The DISK-IMAGE FORMATS are explained in Chapter 6. IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT WILBUR.STANFORD.EDU (AKA FOGHORN.STANFORD.EDU): This site appears to be down at the time of printing - some of the files listed in this guide were only available from wilbur. If you require any of these files, please email “alexm@zip.com.au” with your request. ============================== GENERAL EMULATOR-RELATED FILES ============================== APL2BMP - Small MSDOS executable which converts Apple ][ screen-dumps (BSAVE FILE,A$2000,L$2000) to Windows bitmaps (.BMP), by Arthur Levesque . ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/apl2bmp.zip ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/utility/apl2bmp.zip AP2IFC - Pascal source and MSDOS executable which extracts Infocom data from disk-images, by Steve Hugg . ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/infocom/tools/ap2ifc.zip AP2INF - ANSI C source and MSDOS executable written to extract data from disk- images of Infocom adventure games, by Stephen Tjasink . ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/infocom/tools/ap2inf14.zip (v1.4) SPEED.TEST - Disk-image containing a small program to test (and benchmark) emulator performance, by William Night . ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/spedtest.zip (v1.0) ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/spdt222.zip (v2.2.2) Timer Module - Add-on which times Speed Test on the Macintosh emulator STM. ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/timer.sit.hqx ======================== Apple Macintosh Platform ======================== Deja ][ (version 1.0) ------- AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, available from JEM Software for US$128. JEM Software 7578 Lamar Ct. Arvada, CO 80003. Fax: 303-422-4856 Email: rbJEM@aol.com AUTHOR: Randy Brandt & Mike Munz . STATUS: Development in progress. SHORT DESCRIPTION: An AppleWorks emulator for 68K and PPC Macintoshes - literally, an "Apple II emulation engine", which requires AppleWorks 5. From a post on "comp.sys.apple2": "It supports most TimeOut applications, including UltraMacros. It also tightly integrates AppleWorks 5 and the Mac environment. This includes automatic conversion between Macintosh and AppleWorks clipboards, being able to traverse through your Macintosh hard disk (no Prodos partition required), and macro commands to access Mac functions (like speaking text, dialing). And if you have PCExchange (or System 7.5), it will read Apple II 3.5" disks as well. It, however, is not a generic emulator". MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 68K or PowerPC Macintosh running System 7 and above; AppleWorks 5. Fast Eddie ---------- AVAILABILITY: Shareware product under development; product statement and screen shots at: http://www.swix.ch/clan/shadow/eddie.html AUTHOR: Andre Horstmann and Henrik Gudat , Fast Eddie Labs (formerly Bright Software). STATUS: Alpha testing. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Fast Eddie is a software-only Apple IIGS emulator, closely integrated to the MacOS (optimized for the Power Macintosh) and capable of running both Apple ][ and 16-bit IIGS software. The modular package includes a core 64816 emulator, along with other emulated hardware components such as the n-sonic sound engine, the CleverPort disk controller, the Giga II compatibility module, and the Graffiti video blitter. "32-channel Ensoniq® sound emulation with built-in Dolby® Surround Pro Logic® capability guarantees 100% reproduction of Apple IIGS audio. Low-level disk access allows you to use ProDOS disks by merely inserting them. And if you need more disk space, allocate virtual hard disks on your MacOS volume!" ROMS: N/A. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Unknown. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown. FURTHER REFERENCE: None. Gus --- AVAILABILITY: Commercial product under development; screen shots at: http://www.cs.csubak.edu/~jstiles/emulator/apple2/ AUTHOR: Dave Lyons and Andy Nicholas (Apple Computer, Inc.) STATUS: Pre-release. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Gus is an Apple in-house project which should allow fully transparent IIgs emulation on Macintosh. Apparently, the emulation speed is quite fast, working approximately four to five times the speed of a real IIgs if speed regulation is turned off. ROMS: N/A. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Unknown. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown. FURTHER REFERENCE: None. Mac Apple //e Emulator (MacE) (version 0.80) ----------------------------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/MacE.compiled.sit.bin ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/misc/emsrc.sit (source code) AUTHOR: W. Sheldon Simms III . STATUS: Source code released for public modification. SHORT DESCRIPTION: An Apple //e emulator for 68K Macintoshes. The binhexed Think C 7.0 code was posted to "comp.emulators.apple2" on 5 July 1995. According to the author's accompanying message, it is an "emulator that boots into basic. I don't have time to work on it now so I'm posting the source in case anyone else wants to mess with it. It has a 65816 emulator (well 65802 really)...There's no documentation other than internal documentation." ROMS: MacE comes with the necessary Apple //e ROMs and is ready for use after decompression. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes); there also seems to be an Icon resource for virtual hard-disk volumes in the code, but whether or not this is supported is unknown. DISK-IMAGE RESOURCE INFO: File Creator: 'MacE', File Type: 'DSK5'. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Desktop" (colour) Macintosh - including Power Macintosh models. Will not work on "compact" (B&W) Macintoshes. FURTHER REFERENCE: None. Stop The Madness (STM) (version 0.851r) ---------------------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/STM/0.851r.sea.bin ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/stm/STM_0.851r.sit ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/mac/0.851r.sea.bin ftp://ftp.unsw.edu.au/pub/mac/emulators/STM-0851r.hqx AUTHOR: Kevin Lund & Jim Nitchals . STATUS: See STM v0.881r. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Stop The Madness emulates a 64K Apple ][+, and allows disk- swapping. Although it cannot "save" (write information to a disk image) a small program called Save The Madness can be used simultaneously with STM (under Multifinder or System 7), writing altered disk-image files (see below). STM comes with the DOS 3.3 System Master disk-image "pre-installed" into virtual drive one. ROMS: STM comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use after decompression. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). DISK-IMAGE RESOURCE INFO: File Creator: 'A2EM', File Type: 'DSK5'. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Desktop" (colour) Macintosh - including Power Macintosh models. Runs ONLY in 256-colours! Will not display a picture on "compact" (B&W) Macintoshes. NOTE: On desktop Macintoshes, you must set the "Colors" control panel to 256- colors, as STM does not support higher colour modes. This problem has erroneously been interpreted as non-compatibility of the emulator with some Macintoshes. FURTHER REFERENCE: "docs 0.85" (DOCMaker file included in the archive), and "docs" (DOCMaker file included in the "Disks-n-Docs0.81.hqx" archive. Full documentation for STM does not yet exist. ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/mac/Disks-n-Docs0.81.hqx RELATED FILES: Save The Madness - Application which adds write access to STM disk-images. ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/SaveTM_1.02.sit.hqx ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/mac/SaveTM_1.02.sit.bin Stop The Madness (STM) (version 0.881r) ---------------------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/STM/STM_0.881r.sit.hqx ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/stm/STM_0.881r.sit ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs/completed/STM_0.88r.sit.hqx ftp://ftp.unsw.edu.au/pub/mac/emulators/STM-0.881.hqx AUTHOR: Kevin Lund & Jim Nitchals . STATUS: Development in progress. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Stop The Madness emulates a 64K Apple ][+, and allows disk- swapping. Version 0.881r (formerly known as 0.872d) is far more versatile than the previous version; configurable "modules" allow expansion limited only by available memory - for example, STM can support four Disk II drives. Additionally, STM can now "save" disk-images (see below). STM comes with the DOS 3.3 System Master disk-image "pre-installed" into virtual drive one. ROMS: STM comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use after decompression. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes), and non-standard "pre-nibbleized". This second type is the only format the Disk II module will save images into. From the documentation: "this format is bulkier than the '.DSK' format, and has no cross-platform compatibility, but is more flexible, allowing non-standard formats and 1/4 track resolution." Version 1.00 of SaveTM (see below) is also compatible with STM 0.881r for those who prefer standard disk-image output. DISK-IMAGE RESOURCE INFO: File Creator: 'A2EM', File Type: 'DSK5'. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Desktop" (colour) Macintosh - including Power Macintosh models - with System 7. Runs ONLY in 256-colours! Will not display a picture on "compact" (B&W) Macintoshes. NOTE: On desktop Macintoshes, you must set the "Colors" control panel to 256- colors, as STM does not support higher colour modes. This problem has erroneously been interpreted as non-compatibility of the emulator with some Macintoshes. FURTHER REFERENCE: "STM 0.881r docs" (DOCMaker file included in the archive). Full documentation for STM does not yet exist. RELATED FILES: Cassette speaker module for STM. ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/STM/cassettespeaker.sit.bin Disk ][ replacement module for STM. ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/STM/newdisk2.bin ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/formattingdiskII.sit Save The Madness - Application which adds write access to STM disk-images. ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/SaveTM_1.00_for0.881r.sit.bin IIe (version 3.01) --- AVAILABILITY: Shareware, available for anonymous FTP from: http://www.usyd.edu.au/~vtan/IIe/IIe_3.0.1.sit.hqx Older versions as below: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/IIe_3.0.sit.hqx http://www.usyd.edu.au/~vtan/IIe/IIe_3.0.sit.hqx http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/app/IIe-201.hqx ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/IIe_1.0.sit.bin ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/Mac_IIe_1.0.sit.hqx NOTE: IIe is Shareware; registration costs $25 (US). AUTHOR: Vincent Tan & Victor Tan. STATUS: Development in progress. SHORT DESCRIPTION: IIe emulates an Apple //e. Excerpted from the text file: “IIe is a fully functional Apple //e emulator that supports all of the graphics modes, all of the Apple //e keyboard keys, and all of the currently available Apple II disk image formats. You can even access your 3.5" Apple II disks from your Mac's floppy disk drive! This version can also access any ProDOS partitions on your Mac's hard disk, and it can even save ProDOS files directly in any of your Mac's folders!” From the WWW page: “The next version will have sound card support. There is no expected date of release at this time.” ROMS: IIe does not come with the necessary Apple //e ROMs. The missing ROM is the main Apple ROM ("APPLE2E.ROM"). The instructions suggest using ApplePC's //e ROM: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/IIerom.zip DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes); the emulator can also read 3.5" ProDOS disks directly from the Macintosh 800K/1.44Mb drive(s). 3.5" disk-images (Apple images in Apple DiskCopy format AND plain ProDOS- order images) and virtual hard-drive (.HDV) files are also supported. DISK-IMAGE RESOURCE INFO: File Creator: 'AIIe', File Type: 'DSK5' (5.25" images) File Creator: 'AIIe', File Type: 'DSK3' (3.5" images) File Creator: 'AIIe', File Type: 'dImg' (DiskCopy) File Creator: 'AIIe', File Type: 'HDV ' (hard-drive) MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Desktop" (colour) Macintosh - including Power Macintosh models - with System 7.0 (with QuickTime and Thread Manager) or higher (System 7.5 recommended). Runs in most display modes (1-bit B&W and 4-bit colour) EXCEPT 16-bit and 24-bit colour. Will not work on "compact" (B&W) Macintoshes. FURTHER REFERENCE: "1. Read me first", “2. Instructions”, “3. Configuring IIe” and "4. Other stuff" (Text files included in the archive). //e CARD for Macintosh LC ------------------------- AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, no longer in production. AUTHOR: Apple Computer. STATUS: Development ceased. SHORT DESCRIPTION: The LC //e Card is a combination hardware/software package which emulates an enhanced Apple //e, accelerated to 1.9 Mhz, monochrome, colour or inverse video, custom beep sound, RAM card, two super serial cards, a "printer" card (spools to Chooser device), clock, SmartPort card, AppleTalk card, Mouse card and extended 80-column card. Hardware is attached via a special connector with ports for a 9-pin joystick and a SmartPort drive (up to two 5.25" and one 3.5"). Further installation, use and troubleshooting articles are available from the Apple Technical Information Library (search for "iie"). http://www.info.apple.com/til.html The software for the card is available under copyright from the Apple FTP site (see also "Macintosh LC //e Card Software" in Chapter 3). ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-installer-disk-image.hqx ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-startup-disk-image.hqx ROMS: N/A. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A. The card actually runs original software on 5.25" or 3.5" diskette, although it can be used to create disk-images for use with other emulators. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Macintosh LC with PDS slot supporting 24-bit adressing, including the LC, LCII, LCIII, Color Classic, Color Classic II, LC 520, LC 550, LC 475/Quadra 605, LC 575 and the Performa 4xx and 5xx lines except the Quadra 630, LC/Performa 580 and 5200/75 LC. FURTHER REFERENCE: N/A. (The preceding information on the //e Card was obtained from information sent by Ivan Drucker ). ][ in a Mac (version 2.53) ----------- AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, no longer in production. AUTHOR: COMPUTER:applications 12813 Lindeley Drive Raleigh, NC 27614. STATUS: Development ceased. SHORT DESCRIPTION: ][ in a Mac is a package which emulates an Apple //e. Functionally, it is probably similar to it's PC counterpart, "][ in a PC" (see below) with the following exceptions: it runs at sixty percent of the standard //e speed (on a MacPlus), uses only a portion of the Mac screen, has no colour support and limited graphics, no "real" joystick, doesn't handle copy-protected software, and can create problems with keyboard translation and modem port detection on some Macintoshes. ROMS: N/A. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: ProDOS3.3 Order (PO - size: 143360 bytes); the emulator can also read 3.5" ProDOS disks (usually 800K) directly from the Macintosh internal or external drive(s). DISK-IMAGE RESOURCE INFO: File Creator: 'CAI1', File Type: 'DISK'. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: MacPlus or SE. Some older versions of the software didn't run on the Mac II line. The software will not display colour even on colour Macintosh systems. FURTHER REFERENCES: "][inamac.txt" (Review text file on wilbur). ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/emulators/apple2/][inamac.txt (Thanks to Gaku Tomiyama for information on the disk-image format). ============== Atari Platform ============== Apple ][ A2.04 -------------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/atari/Emulators/appleemu.arc - SEE UMICH MIRRORS ftp://nic.switch.ch/mirror/atari/Emulators/appleemu.arc ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/atari/appleemu.arc ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/atari/umich.edu/Emulators/appleemu.arc AUTHOR: Darek Mihocka. STATUS: Unknown (date on readme file: Dec. 31, 1986). SHORT DESCRIPTION: An Apple ][ emulator for the Atari ST. Excerpted from the documentation: "it can be used as a tool to learn 6502 machine language, but also, it allows the ST to run Apple...software." ROMS: Apple ][ does not include the necessary ROMS - they must be copied from your Apple and titled "APPLSOFT.BIN" and "INTBASIC.BIN". ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A. Binary files must be transferred from the Apple ][ and then converted using a source code program from Apple monitor hex dump into an Atari DOS (.BIN) format. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Atari ST with 512K, colour or monochrome. FURTHER REFERENCE: "EMULATOR.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). ======================== Commodore Amiga Platform ======================== AppleM (DEMO version) ------ AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/applemdemo.lha - AMINET & SOME MIRRORS AUTHOR: Greg Dunlap . STATUS: Unknown (date on readme file: July 6, 1992). SHORT DESCRIPTION: AppleM emulates an Apple ][+ through Rexx C; it supports all Apple display modes, sound, joystick and language card. Additional enhancements are available: lowercase text is displayed and the 6502C instruction set is emulated. There is no disk, modem or printer support. ROMS: AppleM does not come with the necessary ROMs. These ROMs can be copied from your old Apple ][ by following the procedures in the "Readme" text file included with the package. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Amiga 1000, Amiga 500 and higher running KS1.2. FURTHER REFERENCE: "README" (Text file included in the archive). RELATED FILES: Load RAM - Load Apple 2000 programs into AppleM (Rexx C). ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/LoadRAM.lha Apple On Amiga (version 0.1) -------------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/AppleOnAmiga.tar.Z ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/AppleOnAmiga.lha - AMINET & SOME MIRRORS AUTHOR: Claudio Nieder . STATUS: Further development ceased. The author no longer programs on the Amiga. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Amiga On Apple emulates a 48K Apple ][+, with two disk drives (read/write but not save). It runs BASIC programs at 1/10 the speed of an Apple ][ and disk access can be as slow as 1/60 of an Apple ][. Booting can take five to six minutes. Written in Modula-2. ROMS: Apple On Amiga does not come with the necessary ROMs. These ROMs can be copied from your old Apple ][ by following the procedures in the "Readme" text file included with the package (including an uncompiled Apple ][ program which must be transferred). ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Non-standard (size: 230 kilobytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Fast" Amiga with Workbench 2.0.4, and 1MB RAM free (such as 25MHZ Amiga 3000). FURTHER REFERENCE: "Readme" (Text file included in the archive). Apple 2000 (version 1.3) ---------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/Apple2000v13.lha ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/Apple2000v13.lha - AMINET & MIRRORS Older versions as below: ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/amiga/emulators/Apple2000v1.lha AUTHOR: Kevin Kralian . STATUS: Further development ceased. The author posted a message to comp.sys.amiga.emulations stating that he will no longer be doing anything for the Amiga, therefore V1.3 is the last version. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple 2000 emulates a 64K Apple ][+, allowing loading (Right- Amiga-L) from and saving (Right-Amiga-S) to DDD Apple compressed disk archives from any Amiga device. All video modes are available (Text, LoRes, HiRes and mixed), along with a two button joystick. Apple 2000 is able to instantly load and run Apple files from any Amiga device (without "disk-booting"). The emulator supports Amiga multi-tasking. Version 1.3 introduces a number of improvements in the emulator; be sure to read the documentation. ROMS: Apple 2000 does not come with the necessary ROMs. The missing ROMs are the disk-drive ROMs ("_DISK.ROM") and main Apple ROMs ("_APPLE.ROM") - these ROMs can be copied from your old Apple ][ by following the procedures in the "Apple 2000.doc" text file included with the package. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DDD archives, plain Apple ][ files, raw disk-images (size: 220 kilobytes), and DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes) - see Chapter 6 below. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 68020 Amiga with Kickstart 2.0, 1MB RAM and ReqTools.library (by Nico François). Will not work on 68000 Amiga (A500,2000). FURTHER REFERENCE: "Apple 2000.doc" (Text file included in the archive). ===================== Commodore 64 Platform ===================== Spartan Emulator ---------------- AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, no longer in production. AUTHOR: Mimic Systems. STATUS: Development ceased. SHORT DESCRIPTION: The Apple ][ emulator for the Commodore 64 which was advertised as offering 100% Apple emulation and other features, all for the low price of US $595, but which turned out to be a package to transfer and re- compile BASIC programs on the C64. ROMS: N/A. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Commodore 64 (with V2.0 BASIC). FURTHER REFERENCE: None. (The preceding information on the Spartan Emulator was obtained from information sent by Paul Allen Panks ). ================= IBM-PC - Linux OS ================= Apple ][+ Emulator for Linux (version 0.02) ---------------------------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/sources/usr.bin/apple2-v002.tar.gz ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple2-emu-linux/apple2-emul-v002- linux.tar.gz Older versions as below: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple2-emu-linux/apple2-emul-v001- linux.tar.gz ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/util/emulators/apple2.tar.gz (v0.00 was distributed under the filename: "apple2.tar.gz"). AUTHOR: Alexander Bottema . STATUS: Development in progress. SHORT DESCRIPTION: "It is partly written in 386 (AT&T) assembler and partly in C. You can switch diskettes using a diskette database through an intuitive interface. Furthermore, it is possible to trim the speed of the emulator and it runs in full speed (approximately) twice as fast as an standard Apple II+ on a 486DX-50...[It uses] the svgalib's key scancodes. I've also taken the opportunity to implement the undocumented 6502 instructions. I've noticed that at least two games use these undocumented instrucions; Bug Attack and MS Pacman. Currently I have transfered about 40 diskettes to my emulator and all programs/games seem to work" (from a post on "comp.emulators.apple2"). Requires compiling (C source code). NOTE: The Apple ][ emulator at "sunsite.unc.edu" (/pub/Linux/system/ Emulators/apple2.tar.Z) is not part of this emulator's distribution. This is actually a copy of Peter Koch's emulator (see "apple2.tar.Z" in the Unix/NeXT section below). ROMS: Unknown. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: (from the original post) Kernel 1.0 and above, SVGAlib 1.06 but below 1.08, and libc 4.4.4 and greater. FURTHER REFERENCE: "README" (Text file included in the archive). ProDOS Emulator (version 0.1) --------------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/prodosemu/prodosemu.v0.1.tar.gz AUTHOR: Matthew Ghio (based on Randy Frank's 65C02 emulator and I/O code). STATUS: Development in progress. SHORT DESCRIPTION: ProDOS Emulator emulates the ProDOS functions of an Apple //e, using a directory on the Unix system as a simulated drive (Slot 7, Drive 1) - thus eliminating the need for disk-images. Put the ProDOS files (such as BASIC.SYSTEM or SHRINKIT) in the same directory as the emulator; under the emulator the current directory appears as a disk named /UNIX at S7,D1. Requires compiling (C source code). ROMS: ProDOS Emulator does not come with the necessary Apple //e ROMs. The missing ROM is the main Apple ROM ("apple.rom") - these ROMs can be copied from your Apple //e by following the instructions in the README file accompanying the archive. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A; uses current directory as simulated drive. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown. FURTHER REFERENCE: "README" (Text file included in the archive). ================= IBM-PC - MSDOS OS ================= HINT: Can’t run Wizardry or any other software which requires the disk-image being write protected? Just set the MSDOS read-only attribute (ATTRIB +r) on the disk-image... Applemu (Apple Emu) ------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/applemu.zip AUTHOR: Unknown. STATUS: Further development ceased. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Applemu emulates a 48K Apple ][+, and allows disk-swapping. Disk-images are "saved" to directly on the hard-disk from within the emulator. An option to write protect the disk-image being loaded into either drive is offered. The function keys control disk-swapping routines. Unfortunately, most of the more advanced Apple software requires a 64K machine, and thus will not load on Applemu. ROMS: Applemu comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use after decompression. The Apple ROMs are stored in "APPLBIOS.COM". NOTE: To run Intbasic programs, get the "INTBASIC.COM" file from wilbur, rename "APPLBIOS.COM" as "FPBASIC.COM", and then rename "INTBASIC.COM" as "APPLBIOS.COM". DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Nibblized Dos Order (NDO - size: 232960 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics (recommended) - according to the documentation, any PC with "128K memory, DOS 2.0 or greater", although on a 4.77 MHZ 8088 it takes almost a minute to boot a disk. FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). The "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide contains a great deal of information on this emulator as well as converting disk-image files for use with it. RELATED FILES: INTBASIC.COM - File containing the Integer Basic language for Apple Emu. ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/intbasic.com ApplePC (version 2.52b) ------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://users.aol.com/davidells/ApplePC/ApplePC.zip (version 2.52b) Older versions as below: ApplePC (version 2.42) ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.40.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/ApplePC_2.30.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.20.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.13.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.12.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.11.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.10.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.06.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.05.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.05.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.00.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.90.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.81.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.80.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.70.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.66.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.65.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.60.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.50.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/apple2c_1.00.zip ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/emulators/appleII/ApplePC_220.zip AUTHOR: David Ellsworth (based on code by Randy Spurlock). STATUS: Development in progress. SHORT DESCRIPTION: ApplePC emulates a 128K Apple //c. From a post by the author on "comp.emulators.apple2": "It is extremely fast, has true 'pixel-perfect' graphics (switchable between mono and colour), a built-in debugger, and disk- swapping." The emulator will work with it's own (non-standard) //c, //e files and Applewin's //e ROM file - to provide additional software compatibility. From v2.00a it also uses Applewin's ][+ ROM to supply an Apple ][+ mode. ROMS: ApplePC comes with the necessary Apple ROMs, which are supplied in separate files for the //c and //e ROMs. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/Apple_IIc_ROM.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/IIerom.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/apple_ii.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/plusrom.zip ftp://users.aol.com/davidells/ApplePC/Apple.II.plus.ROM.zip ftp://users.aol.com/davidells/ApplePC/Apple.IIc.ROM.zip ftp://users.aol.com/davidells/ApplePC/Apple.IIe.ROM.zip DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes); from version 2.05a the emulator also supports Nibblized Dos Order (NDO - size: 232960 bytes); from version 2.40a is also supports ProDOS Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). It also supports virtual hard-disk volumes in //e emulation mode only. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80386 cpu with VGA graphics. FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). RELATED FILES: A2PCText v0.2 - Command-line based program which extracts 40 and 80 column text images from ApplePC's "save state" file. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/a2pctext.zip HardPC - A couple of virtual hard-disks (.HDV) for ApplePC. One is "empty", the other contains AppleWorks 3.0. They only work in //e emulation mode. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/hardpc.zip Bootable hard-drive - Details for creating a bootable virtual hard-drive suggested by Rejean Bazinet: 1) Use debug in DOS to create the hard-disk file by typing: debug harddisk.hdv w q and return to DOS with the harddisk.hdv file of 0 bytes. 2) Start ApplePC and select 'D' for disk, then 'S' to change to Slot 7, then '1' and press TAB to select the file harddisk.hdv. 3) Press 'Z' to set harddisk emulation to ON, and press 'S' to return to Slot 6. 4) Select a ProDOS master disk-image with SYSUTIL.SYSTEM, and type '-sysutil.system'. Select Format a Disk, choose Slot 7 and Drive 1, and after the drive is formatted, copy the master ProDOS files to harddisk.hdv. 5) Return to the ] prompt and type 'PR#7' to test the harddisk.hdv. Apl2Em ------ AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em/apl2em.zip ftp://sunb.ocs.mq.edu.au/PC/Emulators/apl2em.zip ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/apl2em.zip AUTHOR: Randy Spurlock . STATUS: See Apl2Em-2. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apl2Em emulates a 64K Apple][+, but does not allow disk- swapping whilst in use. Disk-images are "saved" to directly on the hard-disk from within the emulator. This means that although Apl2Em can run all of the 64K multi-disk software that Applemu cannot, you can only pre-load two disks (D1 and D2). ROMS: Apl2Em comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use after decompression. The Apple ROMs in "APPLE.ROM" and the disk-drive controller ROMs are stored in "DISK.ROM". DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics (will not display correctly on a monochrome monitor). FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). The "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide contains a great deal of information on this emulator as well as converting disk-image files for use with it. RELATED FILES: Appjoy - Modified executable for Apl2Em by Dan Wolfsond , which replaces the numeric joystick emulation with a PC analog joystick. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em/appjoy.zip Apl2Em-2 (Apl2Em v2) -------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em/apl2em-2.zip ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/apl2em-2.zip AUTHOR: Randy Spurlock . STATUS: Development in progress. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apl2Em-2 emulates a 64K Apple ][+, but does not allow disk- swapping whilst in use. Disk-images are "saved" to directly on the hard-disk from within the emulator. This means that although Apl2Em can run all of the 64K multi-disk software that Applemu cannot, you can only pre-load two disks (D1 and D2). NOTE: Some people have found a way to "swap" disk-image files whilst the emulator is running by using the multi-tasking abilities of Windows or OS/2. It would be a case of moving the "SYSTEM.DSK" file (or whatever the default DSK name is for D1) out of the A2EM directory and replacing it with a subsequent disk (also titled "SYSTEM.DSK"). A routine to handle disk-swapping under OS/2 is available (see below). ROMS: Apl2Em-2 does not come with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs. The missing ROMs are the main Apple ROMs ("APPLE.ROM") and disk-drive ROMs ("FLOPPY.ROM") - these ROMs can be copied from your old Apple ][ by following the procedures in the "dumping-ROMs" text file on wilbur. You don't really need the Serial ROMs to use Apl2Em-2 - just edit the "APPLE.INI" file at Slot 1 to read "Type=Empty". ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics (will not display correctly on a monochrome monitor). FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). The "emulate-apple2-faq" contains a great deal of information on this emulator as well as converting disk-image files for us with it. RELATED FILES: Apl2em2f - A routine to handle disk-swapping for Apl2Em-2 under OS/2. ftp://frmap711.mathp7.jussieu.fr/pub/scratch/rideau/misc/apple2/apl2em2f.zip CAPPLE v2.0 - Routines released by Scott Crow which replace the keyboard joystick emulation with a PC analog joystick routine, as well as a speed delay. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em/capple-v2.zip Lowercase - Activate the full lowercase features of the Apple's character ROM on the ][+ emulator, with a hex editor, APPLE.ROM and the simple instructions in this file! From Rich Williamson . ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/apl-lower.txt Apl2Em-3 (Apl2Em v3) -------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em/apl2em-3.zip AUTHOR: Tew Neal T. (based on Apl2Em by Randy Spurlock). STATUS: Development in progress. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apl2Em-3 emulates a 64K Apple][+ (see Apl2Em-2 above for details). New items added are: adjustable emulator speed, disk-switching, mixed low resolution and text mode, a fix for low resolution colours, improved high resolution graphics and joystick support. ROMS: Apl2Em-3 comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use after decompression. The Apple ROMs are stored in "APPLE.ROM", the disk-drive ROMs in "FLOPPY.ROM" and the serial ROMs in "SERIAL.ROM". DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics (will not display correctly on a monochrome monitor). FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). The "emulate-apple2-faq" contains a great deal of information on this emulator as well as converting disk-image files for us with it. Apple ][+ Emulator ------------------ AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/apl6502.zip AUTHOR: Steven E. Hugg . STATUS: Development ceased. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple ][+ Emulator is a partially-completed project with a number of bugs. ROMS: Apple ][+ Emulator does not include the necessary ROMs. The ROMs required are: Apple ROM ("ROM.DAT") and the disk controller ROM ("DABOOT.DAT"). ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown. FURTHER REFERENCES: "6502.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). AppleUni (version 2.79.30) -------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/appleuni/incoming/appleuni-2.79.30.zip Older versions as below: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/appleuni/appleuni-2.79.19.pre-release.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/appleuni/apluni2.73.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/appleuni/apluni24.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/appleuni/apluni21.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/appleuni/apluni19.zip ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/emulator/appleuni.zip ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/apluni19.zip AUTHOR: Andrew J. Kroll (earlier versions based on code by Randy Spurlock). STATUS: Development in progress. SHORT DESCRIPTION: AppleUni emulates an Apple ][+; it supports all Apple video modes except mixed mode with four lines of text below the graphics, has a 32K language card and allows saving to disk-images. Mixed text/graphics and //e emulation with 80 column card are planned for future releases. Hard-drive emulation is supported from version 2.79. ROMS: Later versions of AppleUni come with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and are ready for use after decompression. The ROMs included (or required) are: Apple ROM (IIP.IMG), disk controller ROM (DSK.IMG) and the super serial card ROM (SER.IMG). DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes); from version 2.73 the emulator also supports Nibblized Dos Order (NDO - size: 232960 bytes). From version 2.79 it also support virtual hard-disk volumes. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 8088 cpu with CGA graphics (minimum), EGA or VGA recommended ("the only emulator that will run on an XT, and that fully emulates Apple's Super Serial Card!" - from "APPLEUNI.DOC"). FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLEUNI.DOC", "HISTORY.DOC" and "APPLUNI.FAQ" (Text files included with the archive). Central Point Option Board -------------------------- AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, no longer in production. AUTHOR: Unknown STATUS: Development ceased. SHORT DESCRIPTION: This product is not strictly an emulator, but a hardware card which acts as an addition to the drive controller. Functionally, it allows PC drives to read GCR encoded disks (Mac 800K and Apple ][). ROMS: N/A. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown. FURTHER REFERENCES: N/A. SimIIe (SimSystem IIe v1.0) ------ AVAILABILITY: Shareware, available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/sim2e.zip ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/simiie.zip ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/emulator/sim2e.zip NOTE: SimIIe is Shareware for ten days; registration costs $50 (US) + $6 shipping. American Research Inc. 2120 Deercreek Rd. Simi Valley, CA 93065. AUTHOR: Jim Sproul. STATUS: Development in progress. SHORT DESCRIPTION: SimIIe emulates a 128K Apple //e, using "clean-room" ROMs. It allows disk-swapping and saving to a disk-image - in short, is does just about everything: 80 columns, parallel printer adaptor, FOUR simulated disk-drives (5 1/4, 3 1/2 and ProDOS hard-drives), real joystick routines and more! On the negative side, this emulator is extremely slow on 33mHz computers. ROMS: N/A (Apple ROMs are not used in this emulator). DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: SimIIe (IIe - size: 143390 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics, 80486 recommended. SimIIe will not work on 8086, 8088 or V20 microprocessors, and is not compatible with Microsoft Windows (it cannot be run as a DOS task). FURTHER REFERENCES: "SIMIIE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). RELATED FILES: PATSIM2E - A patched version of the SimIIe executable, for computers which hang after pressing "R" in the configuration screen, giving a black screen. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/patsim2e.zip SIM2DU10 - Utilities for SimIIe released by Galen C. Hunt . These include .IIE and .HDV creation programs and a single file transfer utility. Source code included. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/sim2du10.zip SIMIIE_F - A simple patch to fix hanging at the directory/file select box, by . ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/simiie_f.doc 32MB_HD - A 32Mb virtual hard-disk (.HDV) for SimIIe, containing Apple ProDOS 2.0.3, BASIC.SYSTEM 1.5 and ShrinkIt 3.4, by . ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/32mb_hd.zip Trackstar Plus -------------- AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, no longer in production. AUTHOR: Unknown STATUS: Development ceased. SHORT DESCRIPTION: An 8-bit ISA card for the PC AT, the Trackstar Plus emulates a 128K //e, with plug-in Apple disk-drive and joystick support. ROMS: N/A. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: “Trackstore and virtual hard-disk support. The card actually runs original software on 5.25" diskette, although it can be used to create disk-images for use with other emulators. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown. FURTHER REFERENCES: N/A. ][ in a PC ---------- AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, no longer in production. AUTHOR: COMPUTER:applications 12813 Lindeley Drive Raleigh, NC 27614. STATUS: Development ceased. SHORT DESCRIPTION: ][ in a PC is a package which emulates an unenhanced Apple //e, including all necessary utility programs for transferring Apple II software bidirectionally between an Apple II and IBM compatible computer. The emulator supports 128K memory, serial and parallel outputs, two 5.25" drives, two 3.5" drives, ProDOS hard-disk, 40/80 column text, full colour HiRes/LoRes graphics, joystick support, and Applesoft compatible BASIC. ROMS: N/A. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics/Apple ][+ or greater with serial card. FURTHER REFERENCES: N/A. (The preceding information on ][ in a PC was obtained from a review compiled by Arthur A. Luna ). =================== IBM-PC - Windows OS =================== HINT: Can’t run Wizardry or any other software which requires the disk-image being write protected? Just set the MSDOS read-only attribute (ATTRIB +r) on the disk-image... Apple II Emulator for Windows (v1.20) ----------------------------- AVAILABILITY: Shareware, available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/apl2em4w.ima.gz (WinImage/DCF file) Also distributed from: Public (software) Library P.O. Box 35705 Houston, TX 77235-5705 Use program name: Apple II Emulator for Windows and item number #11972 Public (software) Library requires a small fee covering the cost of the disk, plus shipping. AUTHOR: Teodor Angeloff. STATUS: Development in progress. SHORT DESCRIPTION: The Apple II Emulator for Windows emulates an Apple //e, with 6502 and Z80 microprocessors, an 80-column card, Disk II drives and fixed disks, realtime clock, joystick and Apple II mouse, amongst other things. ROMS: Apple II Emulator for Windows comes with the necessary Apple //e ROMs. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: A4W (A4W - size: 143388 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80486 or better running Windows 3.1. FURTHER REFERENCES: "README.TXT" (Text file included in the archive). Online help available from within AppleWin. (Thanks to the author for sending a copy of his emulator. - Alex) AppleWin (version 1.10) -------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_1.10.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_1.10_src.zip Older versions as below: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_1.00.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_1.00_src.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_beta2.zip ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/emulator/applewin/aplwinb2.zip ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ap/applewin/aplwinb2.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_beta1.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_alpha.zip AUTHOR: Michael O'Brien . STATUS: Source code released for public modification. SHORT DESCRIPTION: AppleWin is a 32-bit Windows program which emulates a "Platinum" model enhanced Apple //e with 128k RAM. It supports all video modes, including double high-res and mixed mode. It plays sound through a sound card (preferred) or the PC speaker. It supports emulating an Apple joystick using the PC keyboard, joystick, or mouse. It allows saving to disk images and on-the-fly swapping of disk images. There are two versions of AppleWin, both included in the ZIP file: applew31.exe -- Use this version if you are running Windows 3.1 or Windows for Workgroups. You must also install the Win32s 32-bit extensions, which are available from the same FTP site. applewin.exe -- Use this version if you are running Windows 95 or Windows NT. It is recommended that you switch your video card to 256-color mode for best performance when running AppleWin. If you are having trouble using AppleWin with your video driver, or trouble formatting disks under AppleWin, obtain and install "patch2.zip" which is available from the same FTP site. If you do not have a joystick driver for Windows, you can obtain "ibmjoy.zip" from the FTP site. Remember to calibrate your joystick using the Windows Control Panel before using it in AppleWin. By default, AppleWin controls its emulation speed so that it runs exactly as fast as a real Apple //e. If you would like for it to run as fast as possible on your system, click on the Configuration button (on the bottom) and turn off the "control system speed" option. Versions 1.00 and 1.10 are faster and includes speed control, modem support, and monochrome monitor emulation. Version 1.00 requires Windows 95 or NT (not Win32s). And both now come with source code! ROMS: AppleWin comes with the necessary Apple ][+ and //e ROMs, stored in "APPLE2.ROM" and "APPLE2E.ROM". DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3, ProDOS and nibblized orders (auto-detecting). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80486 or better running Windows 95, Windows NT 3.5, or Windows 3.1 (Windows 3.1 requires Win32s). FURTHER REFERENCES: "README.TXT" (Text file included in the archive). Online help available from within AppleWin. (Thanks to the author for the description of the emulator appearing above. - Alex) RELATED FILES: IBMJOY - Joystick driver which replaces the emulated number-pad joystick. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/ibmjoy.zip ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/emulator/applewin/ibmjoy.zip ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ap/applewin/ibmjoy.zip Replacement patches for Applewin - fixes some video driver/disk formatting problems. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/patch2.zip ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ap/applewin/patch2.zip AppleWin speed patch - Undocumented method of speeding up AppleWin, suggested by Bruno Zeitoun <100125.2116@compuserve.com>: 1) Launch Regedit.exe (under Win95) 2) Open HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/Software/AppleWin/CurrentVersion/Calibation/ CycleGranularity 3) Modify the value: the higher the value, the faster AppleWin runs... ================== UNIX/NeXT Platform ================== Apple2 ------ AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs/completed/apple2.tar.gz ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Emulators/apple2.tar.Z - SEE MIRRORS ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/apple2.tar.Z AUTHOR: Peter Koch . STATUS: Development in progress. Contact Peter Koch for more information. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple2 emulates an Apple ][ or ][+ with 64k. Supports disk swapping. Any disk, which is copyable with COPYA or FILER can be used as disk image. Supports 40 column text, 80 column text (videx emulation), lores, hires and mixed modes. ROMS: Apple2 does not come with the necessary ROMs. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unix/X Windows. Since the emulator is completely written in C, it is very slow. You'll need a very fast machine (and a very fast X- Terminal). FURTHER REFERENCES: The "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide contains information on this emulator. There is some more documentation in the tar-archive. RELATED FILES: Emulating - Discussion by Peter Koch on how he built his emulator. ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/emulating.txt (Thanks to the author for the description of the emulator appearing above. - Alex) Apple2Emul ---------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/Apple2Emul.tar.Z STATUS: Unknown. AUTHOR: Rich Skrenta . SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple2Emul is an emulator for Unix. Requires compiling (C source code). ROMS: Unknown. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unix. FURTHER REFERENCE: "Apple2Emul.readme" and "a2.readme" (Text files included in the archive). Apple2e ------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/unix/apple2/ap2e.tar.Z (curses code) ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/unix/apple2/ap2egl.tar.Z (GL code) ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/unix/apple2/emu.disks.tar.Z (Disks) ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/ap2e.tar.Z (curses code) ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/ap2egl.tar.Z (GL code) ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/emu.disks.tar.Z (Disks) AUTHOR: Randy Frank . STATUS: Unknown. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple2e emulates a 128K Apple //e, with an 80 column card in slot 3 and a combination of cards in slots 5, 6 and 7. Requires compiling (C source code). ROMS: Apple2e requires ROMs copied from an Enhanced //e ONLY! and a copy of the PRODOS file from a bootable ProDOS disk. These should be binary files named "CDROM" and "PRODOS" respectively. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). The "aii.docs" text file contains a short program for creating disk-images on the Apple for use with the emulator. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unix. FURTHER REFERENCES: "aii.docs" (Text file included in the archive), and the "emua2e.docs" text file. The "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide contains information on this emulator. ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/unix/apple2/emua2e.docs ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/emua2e.docs a2 -- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/a2.tar.Z AUTHOR: Rich Skrenta ; additions by Mat Hostetter . STATUS: Unknown. SHORT DESCRIPTION: a2 appeas to be an adaptation of Rich Skrenta's emulator code, for NeXT step. Fast hi-res graphics support added by Mat Hostetter using WozView. Requires compiling (C source code). ROMS: a2 does not include the necessary ROMs. The "SNARF" document contains instructions on how to get a copy of the Apple ROMs. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Unknown (size: 215040 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: NeXT. FURTHER REFERENCE: "README" and "NOTES" (Text files included in the archive). ][+ Simulator ------------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/II+simulator.tar.Z AUTHOR: Ben Koning . STATUS: Unknown (date on readme file: 1989). SHORT DESCRIPTION: ][+ Simulator emulates a Apple ][+. Requires compiling (C source code). ROMS: ][+ Simulator does not include the necessary ROMs; they need to be provided in the form of four binary files titled "APPLESOFT.ROM, "AUTOSTART.ROM", "INTEGER.ROM" and "MONITOR.ROM". ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Unix binaries. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unix machine. FURTHER REFERENCES: "README" and "README2" (Text files included with the archive). XApple2+ (version 1.0) -------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs/completed/xapple2+.tar.gz ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/emulator.tar.Z AUTHOR: Philip J. Stephens . STATUS: Unknown. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Xapple2+ emulates an Apple ][. The emulator supports disk- image swapping and joystick emulation. Requires compiling (C source code). ROMS: XApple2+ does not include the necessary Apple and disk-controller ROMs. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Non-standard. Includes a utility named "convertdisk" to convert disk-images from .dsk and .bin (MacBinary) format to low-level nibblised format. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Medium-performance Sun SparcStation IPX or Sun SparcServer 1000, using a X terminal with 100,000+ XStones of performance. FURTHER REFERENCES: "README" (Text file included in the archive). XGS (version 0.30) --- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: http://www.optera.com/~invid/emulators/XGS/xgs-0.30.tar.gz http://www.optera.com/~invid/emulators/XGS/xgs-0.33.tar.gz (test release) AUTHOR: Joshua M. Thompson . STATUS: Development in progress. Check the mailing list for further information (email with the words "subscribe xgs-list" in the body of the letter). SHORT DESCRIPTION: XGS emulates a ROM03 Apple IIGS, with the following features: CPU and memory map emulation, graphics modes up to super high resolution, ADB keyboard, clock chip, battery RAM, IWM hardware emulation for Slot 5 & 6 drives, ProDOS block device in Slot 7 and classic Apple ][ sound. Further IIGS features such as Ensoniq sound and GS/OS 6 capacity will be added in future releases. ROMS: XGS does not come with the necessary ROMs. The emulator requires a copy of the Apple IIGS ROM03 - these ROMs can be copied from your Apple IIGS by following the procedures in the "README" text file included with the package. DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Non-standard. Includes a utility named "raw2img" to convert disk-images from raw disk dumps ("dd" output, or DOS-ordered .DO/.DSK 5.25" images) into XGS image files. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 90 MHz Pentium or better, running some sort of Unix operating system, an X server running in 16- or 24-bit color at a resolution of at least 800 x 600 pixels (8-bit support will be available from version 0.20), Unix Sound System (USS) and a USS-supported sound card. FURTHER REFERENCES: "README" (Text file included in the archive). http://www.optera.com/~invid/emulators/XGS/ (XGS home page) zaniWok ------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/zaniWok.tar.Z AUTHOR: Mat Hostetter . STATUS: Development in progress. Check the mailing list for further information (email ). SHORT DESCRIPTION: zaniWok emulates a 128K Apple //e, with 40/80 columns, all graphics modes, and a lot more. Requires compiling (C source code). ROMS: zaniWok does not include the necessary ROMs. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes), ProDOS Order (PO), and raw disk-images. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: NeXT. FURTHER REFERENCES: The "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide contains information on this emulator (and the modifications to the DO disk- images). === YAE === Excerpted from a message from Doug Kwan (thanks for the e-mail! - Alex): "The name of the emulator is now YAE (Yet another Apple ][ Emulator) though the virtual machine for the XXX platform is still called apple2.XXX. Sources of the basic emulator (w/o the compiler), is now available at HKU and wilbur. The file 'yae.tar.gz' is a compressed tar file containing the source codes." From a post by Doug Kwan on "comp.emulators.apple2" (6 Aug 1994): >**************************************************************************** >For people not reading comp.emulators.apple2: > >YAE is an Apple ][ emulator written especially for RISC based workstations >running Unix with X. The Sun and SGI versions of YAE have >run-time code generators tranlating on-the-fly 6502 machine code >into SPARC or MIPS RISC machine code respectively. The software is currently >under development and needs testers. I simple document README.apple2.sparc >is available from wilbur.stanford.edu via anonymous ftp. The file is in >the directory /pub/emulators/apple2/incoming. It is also available through >my WWW home page. (See below) >**************************************************************************** > >I have just ported the run-time code generator to the MIPS architecture. >As usual, I would like voluteers to try the new version of YAE for SGI >workstations and give me feed back. The new SGI version has been tested >on an Indigo XS 24, an Indigo XZ 4000 and a Crimson, all running IRIX >4.0.5. I would appreciate if someone test this on an Indy, a Indigo2 >an Onyx or any other SGI machines other than the ones I tried. >The compressed binary is available at wilbur, look for the file > > /pub/emulators/apple2/incoming/apple2.mips.gz > >Alternatively, it is also available through my home page > > URL http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan or > URL http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan > >The non-graphics performance of YAE SGI is satisfactory. On an Indigo XZ 4000, >(R4000) the effective clock speed is ~ 2.5Mhz whereas that on an Indigo XS 24 >(R3000) is ~ 1.5Mhz. Graphics of YAE still needs improvement. Action games is >playable on most SGI's but the speed is slower than a real Apple for very >graphics extensive games. For games with medium graphics workload like >Lode-runner or One-on-One. The emulator run at 90% to above 100% of a >real Apple on an Indigo XZ 4000. YAE SGI also support 16KHz sampling sound >emulation on most SGI's I've tested. > >Since last week, I have been asked by people where to get the necessary ROM >images and whether I could give them away. If you are not a regular reader of >comp.emulators.apple2, get and read the FAQ list of comp.emulators.apple2. >The FAQ list contains all you need to know about ROM images. > >Cheers > >-Doug Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator - "apple2.dec.gz" ----------------------------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/d_kwan/apple2.dec.Z Available through WWW from: http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan AUTHOR: Doug Kwan . STATUS: Under development. SHORT DESCRIPTION: DEC version of the emulator. ROMS: Not included. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: DEC. FURTHER REFERENCES: ???. Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator - "apple2.ibm.gz" ----------------------------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/d_kwan/apple2.ibm.Z Available through WWW from: http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan AUTHOR: Doug Kwan . STATUS: Under development. SHORT DESCRIPTION: From a posting by the author to comp.emulators.apple2: "In addition to the SPARC based Apple ][ emulator I have uploaded to wilbur. I have just uploaded another two binaries for Silicon Graphics workstations and IBM RS6000 workstations (include PowerPC). These files are apple2.mips.gz (40k) and apple2.ibm.gz (21k) respectively. The non-Sun versions do not have a compiler built in but games are very playable with medium fast to very fast workstations. Even with a lot of graphics, the SGI version runs almost native on an R4000 indigo and run faster than a real Apple on an Indigo2 Extreme. The SGI version supports audio." ROMS: Not included. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: IBM RS6000/PowerPC workstations running AIX 2.3. FURTHER REFERENCES: ???. Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator - "apple2.mips.gz" ----------------------------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/d_kwan/apple2.mips.Z Available through WWW from: http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan AUTHOR: Doug Kwan . STATUS: Under development. SHORT DESCRIPTION: From a posting by the author to comp.emulators.apple2: "In addition to the SPARC based Apple ][ emulator I have uploaded to wilbur. I have just uploaded another two binaries for Silicon Graphics workstations and IBM RS6000 workstations (include PowerPC). These files are apple2.mips.gz (40k) and apple2.ibm.gz (21k) respectively. The non-Sun versions do not have a compiler built in but games are very playable with medium fast to very fast workstations. Even with a lot of graphics, the SGI version runs almost native on an R4000 indigo and run faster than a real Apple on an Indigo2 Extreme. The SGI version supports audio." ROMS: Not included. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Silicon Graphics Iris Indigo (R3000/R4000), Crimson, Indigo2, Indigo2 Extreme running Irix 4.0.X. FURTHER REFERENCES: ???. Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator - "apple2.sparc.gz" ----------------------------- AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from: ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/d_kwan/apple2.sparc.Z Available through WWW from: http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan AUTHOR: Doug Kwan . STATUS: Under development. SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple2.sparc is an emulator still in the testing stage. It translates on-the-fly 6502 machine codes into SPARC equivalents. Only one slot 6 disk-drive is supported, although the emulator can write to the disk-images. Check the README file for further emulator specifications. The Apple ROMs are not provided; they must be copied into two binary files named "APPLE.ROM" and "DISK.ROM". Only the Sun version supports run-time code generation. ROMS: Not included. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Sun SPARC's running SunOS 4.X and Solaris (SunOS 5.X). FURTHER REFERENCES: The "README.apple2.sparc" document contains basic information on this emulator. ============================== APPLEIIGS EMULATORS & PROJECTS ============================== AppleIIGS PROJECT ----------------- "CALLING ALL PROGRAMMERS! "I have been trying to get involved with an APPLE IIGS emulator for a while now. I am a programmer with 10 years of VIABLE programming experience on a multitude of platforms (including the Apple II and IIgs). "The problem is that the ONLY emulator that was even being developed for the PC has been scrapped. I want to get an emulator running on PC/Intel Architecture by the end of the year. I don't plan on using "clean-room" techniques to reverse engineer the damn ROMS. We will use what is available. Hopefully, by the time the project becomes a real issue, apple will release the ROMS to public domain. "If there are ANY programmers that would like to get involved with this project PLEASE contact me at: " Steven W. Mentzer (steve@scaryland.com) "ps- If you are an interested programmer, a working knowledge of apple II architecture and programming techniques is a MUST. Working knowledge of C/C++ is a MUST. Some knowledge of 80x86 is a real PLUS." Fast Eddie ---------- See "Fast Eddie" in the Apple Macintosh Platform section of this Chapter. Gus --- See "Gus" in the Apple Macintosh Platform section of this Chapter. Hindenburg PROJECT ------------------ AVAILABILITY: Information about this project can be found at: http://www.best.com/~hexman/hindenburg.html ftp://ftp.best.com/pub/hexman/hindenburg/announcement AUTHOR: Tony Morales . STATUS: Work in progress; should be completed mid to late 1996. SHORT DESCRIPTION: The Hindenburg Project is the code name for a ROM 3 Apple IIGS emulator for the Macintosh. See "The Hindenburg Project FAQ" for further information. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 68030, 68040 or Power PC Macintosh with a speed of 25MHz or higher (Power PC recommended). FURTHER REFERENCE faq: "The Hindenburg Project FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions, and answers) 1.1" by Tony Morales . ftp://ftp.best.com/pub/hexman/hindenburg/faq VirtualGS(tm) EMULATOR PROJECT ------------------------------ The latest information on the state of this new project can be found in the "VirtualGS(tm) Project -- DESCRIPTIONS AND CHARTER" FAQ: Related newsgroup : comp.emulators.apple2 Related FTP site : ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs [Home site] vGS Home Page : http://www.mit.edu:8001/people/jered/vgs/vgshome.html For more information: [Jered Floyd] OR , http://www.mit.edu:8001/people/jered/jered.html !!!WATCH COMP.EMULATORS.APPLE2 FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS!!! XGS (version 0.30) --- See "XGS" in the Unix/NeXT Platform section of this Chapter. ******************************************************************************* 3) Emulator resources ============================= EMULATOR & RELATED FILE SITES ============================= AMIGA ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/amiga/emulators/ (128.255.200.3) ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/ (131.246.9.95) ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/ (146.228.10.15) & MIRRORS APPLE MACINTOSH ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/ (138.23.90.119) ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/ (198.69.130.252) ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/mac/ (131.246.9.95) ATARI ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/atari/Emulators/ (141.211.120.11) & MIRRORS ftp://nic.switch.ch/mirror/atari/Emulators/ (130.59.1.40) ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/atari/ (131.246.9.95) ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/atari/umich.edu/Emulators/ (128.252.135.4) IBM-PC (DOS, MS Windows & Linux) ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/ (198.69.130.252) ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/emulator/ (129.186.78.131) ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/apple2/apple8/Emulators/ (128.255.200.3) ftp://sunb.ocs.mq.edu.au/PC/Emulators/ (137.111.1.11) ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Emulators/ (198.86.40.81) & MIRRORS ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/ (131.246.9.95) UNIX ftp://apple2.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/8bit/emulators/ (131.215.48.49) & MIRRORS ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/ (131.246.9.95) ftp://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/systems/sgi/ (129.69.18.15) =========================== DISK-IMAGE & SOFTWARE SITES =========================== A NOTE ABOUT DISK-IMAGES - Like the Apple ][ ROMs, disk-images are duplicates of copyrighted material; as a result, few FTP sites feel that they can legally maintain copies of such software. However, from a commercial point of view, the majority of said software is no longer for sale (notable exceptions include the Ultima and Infocom series) and most of the companies themselves no longer exist. Basically, the software in it's original format would not be commercially viable EXCEPT to the emulator market, but the Apple ][ community still exists to a greater extent than the C64 and Spectrum platforms (which both possess FTP sites of disk-image software) so the capacity to transfer disk-images BACK to the Apple computer is seen as a possible source of software piracy. Some Apple ][ software has been released into the public domain, is free or Shareware (as indicated below): these include the Eamon adventure series amongst others. Most of this type of software is, however, not in disk-image format and can be found on the FTP sites below. FREEWARE/PUBLIC DOMAIN/SHAREWARE/OTHER (disk-image format) ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/PublicDomain/ (138.23.90.119) Site Maintainer - Kevin Lund ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/images/ (198.69.130.252) ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/disks.zip http://www.asimov.net/ Site Maintainer - Patrick Michael Kane ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/images/ (129.186.78.131) Site Maintainer - Brian Jeffrey Hille ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/disk_images/ (131.246.9.95) ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/emu.disks.tar.Z Site Maintainer - Unknown ftp://res154034.gannon.wsu.edu/apple2/ (134.121.154.34) Site Maintainer - Michael Kelsey ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/games/appleII/ FREEWARE/PUBLIC DOMAIN/SHAREWARE (non disk-image format) (see also Q#4 in Part 1 of "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 - Frequently Asked Questions") ftp://apple2.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/ (131.215.48.151) ftp://ionews.io.org/pub/apple/ (198.133.36.6) ftp://ftp.uu.net/systems/apple2/ (192.48.96.9) ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ (131.246.9.95) ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/apple2/ (128.252.135.4) ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/apple2/ (128.255.200.3) OFFICIAL APPLE SOFTWARE (incl. MACINTOSH LC //e CARD SOFTWARE): ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/ (130.43.2.3) Apple ][/IIGS/Macintosh system software, tools and information. ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-installer-disk-image.hqx & ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-startup-disk-image.hqx ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/utils/diskcopy-4-2.hqx Requires Apple's "Disk Copy" application to read master disk-images and write them to 1.44Mb disks. ================================== MISCELLANEOUS SOFTWARE INFORMATION ================================== (i) Products Golden Orchard (Apple II CD-ROM) - Primary focus is on the IIGS. "It contains over 600 megabytes of files useful to Apple II owners, including tons of freeware, shareware, utilities, games, graphics, sounds, music, source code, and much more...[it] can be fully accessed on a Mac or Apple IIGS equipped with CD-ROM drive. (Apple IIe owners can access the ProDOS partition only.)" ProDOS and (Mac) HFS partitioned (not PC-compatible). Information and purchase details available from sites below: email: http://www-leland.stanford.edu/~jagaroth/digisoft/orchard.html (ii) Games - Bilestoad - Information concerning the port of this classic Apple ][ game to the Macintosh. http://www.continuumsi.com/~marc/bilestoad.html Brøderbund - Lode Runner Fan Site, new levels for LR Classic and The Legend Returns, Macintosh conversion utilities - might be of some use to the 8-bit version of the game. ftp://wcl-l.bham.ac.uk/pub/djh/loderunner/ (147.188.68.4) Eamon - Adventure series information and links. http://www.lysator.liu.se/eamon/ Copies of the software available from: ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/games/appleII/eamon/ Infocom - The Interactive Fiction archive contains adventure series information, solutions, Inform compilers, and new ports. ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/games/infocom/ (129.26.8.84) http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/wsr/Web/IF/homepage.html usenet: rec.arts.int-fiction usenet: rec.games.int-fiction Lord British/Origin - Non-official Ultima homepages, walkthroughs, maps, cracks. http://www.udic.org/ultima/ http://www.mindspring.com/~herrin/ultima/ http://www.why.com/ultima/ ftp://ftp.udic.org/pub/ud/ (205.198.168.121) usenet: alt.games.ultima faq: "Commodore 64 and Apple 2 Ultima FAQ" by Caliaber Dragon . Scott Adams - Adventure series solutions. ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/games/scott-adams/ (129.26.8.84) Ultima Dragons Internet Chapter - UDIC. Social club whose members share the common interest of the Ultima series. http://www.udic.org/ultima/ ftp://ftp.udic.org/pub/ud/ (205.198.168.121) usenet: alt.games.ultima.dragons, rec.games.computer.ultima-dragons Ultima III - Information concerning the port of this classic Apple ][ game to the Macintosh. http://www.swcp.com/~beastie/ultima3.html Wasteland - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) file for this outstanding RPG. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/wasteland_faq_03-31-1996.txt.gz http://www.cris.com/~chbaer/wasteland.txt Tips for running Wasteland with STM (see "Stop the Madness" in the Apple Macintosh Platform section of Chapter 2) available from: http://www.cris.com/~chbaer/stm.html Screenshots of classic Apple ][ games. http://jones.netplace.com/apple.html Videogames - The Coin-Ops-A-Poppin' Killer List of Video Games. See where some of those Apple games came from (and where some of them went!) ftp://wiretap.spies.com/game_archive/gameList/ (140.174.164.191) (iii) Services Project 64 attempts to preserve Commodore 64 related documents in electronic text format. A number of game manuals are relevant to the Apple ][. http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/pcgeek/proj64.htm Software deprotection tips (by Zelix). ftp://ftp.stolaf.edu/pub/apple2/apple.tips.txt (130.71.128.9) Solutions (mainly for newer games, but occasional Apple ][/C64 games - mostly adventures - are listed. Especially in the "unknown" sections :-) ). http://wcl-rs.bham.ac.uk/~djh/index.html (The Games Domain) http://www.et.ee/spoiler/ (The Spoiler's Centre) SPAG (Society for the Preservation of Adventure Games) is an e-mail zine dedicated to (mainly) text adventures. Apple ][ and compatible format games are listed/reviewed. email: G. Kevin Wilson - subscriptions http://wcl-l.bham.ac.uk/pub/djh/faqs/SPAG.faq - FAQ ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/magazines/SPAG/ (129.26.8.84) - back issues USoX (Used Software Exchange) is a marketplace for buying and selling used software. Software for a variety of platforms is supported, including the Apple ][. http://www.hyperion.com/usx/index.html ============== WORLD WIDE WEB ============== APPLE ][ & RELATED EMULATOR WWW PAGES: http://www.rockpile.com/~cowgod/apple2/apple2.html Cowgod's Apple ][ Emulation Page. http://geta.life.uiuc.edu/~badger/apple2.html Jonathan Badger's Apple ][ emulator page. http://www.duke-net.com/apple/ Chris, Mark & Terry's Apple ][ Home Page. http://www.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/%7Esteve/emulation/emulation.html Stefan Hermes' list of emulator homepages. Contains html link to Asimov archive. http://www.cs.csubak.edu/~jstiles/emulator/apple2/index.html John Stiles' list of emulators for the Macintosh (including the Apple ][). http://members.aol.com/chrissalo/emu1.htm Chris' list of emulators for the PC (including the Apple ][). http://jones.netplace.com/apple.html The Apple ][ Classic Games Page. Contains various screen shots of classic Apple games. http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/fms/comp/Emulation/Apple.html Information on Apple ][ and Macintosh emulators. http://www.uruk.org/emu/main.html Emulation software R&D, links to Personal Computing and Emulation page. Main applicability to Apple platform is information on Macintosh emulators. http://www.laughton.com/Apple/Apple.html History of Apple computers. http://www.ccn.cs.dal.ca/Technology/AppleUsersGroup/NSAUG.html The Nova Scotia Apple Users Group. Links to technical information on the Apple ][ series, Apple ][ FTP sites and other Apple groups online. http://www.stolaf.edu/people/handel/a2.html General Apple ][ information and resources, links to other related pages. http://www.apple.com/ Apple Computer. http://www.visi.com/~nathan/a2/index.html Nathan Mates' Apple ][ Resources Home page. Links to Apple ][ related pages. http://www.visi.com/~nathan/a2/com/index.html The Apple ][ Companies page. So far, Procyon, Sequential Systems, KPL Systems, Digisoft, The Byte Works, and more have things there. http://www.hypermall.com/byteworks/ (The Byte Works page) http://www.hypermall.com/ego (EGO Systems page) ============= USENET GROUPS ============= EMULATOR NEWSGROUPS: usenet: alt.binaries.emulators usenet: alt.emulators usenet: alt.emulators.ibmpc usenet: alt.emulators.ibmpc.apple2 (*) usenet: comp.emulators usenet: comp.emulators.announce (Moderator - ) usenet: comp.emulators.apple2 (*) usenet: comp.emulators.cbm usenet: comp.emulators.misc (*) usenet: comp.emulators.ms-windows usenet: comp.emulators.ms-windows.wine usenet: comp.sys.amiga.emulation usenet: comp.sys.amiga.emulations (*) (* = groups which usually feature some Apple ][ discussion) SOME GROUPS WILL NOT BE CARRIED BY ALL NEWS-SERVERS! =================== GENERAL INFORMATION =================== APPLE I INFORMATION: History and pictures: http://www.wco.com/~3d5d1wsw/gsezine/GS.WorldView/*APPLE.HISTORY/ APPLE ][ "FSP" SITE: The A2 Site address is: 134.184.15.12 2424 APPLE /// INFORMATION: History and pictures: http://www.ncsc.dni.us/fun/user/tcc/cmuseum/apple3.htm faq: "THE APPLE /// FAQ FILE" by David Ottalini . faq: "APPLE /// INTERNET FAQ" by Jeff Marraccini , edited by Dave Ottalini . ftp://names.wvu.edu/pub/apple3/ (157.182.140.2) mailing list: to subscribe, send e-mail to with a first line reading "subscribe APPLE3-L YourName". The list address is . Maintainer: . ******************************************************************************* 4) Compression techniques The list of extensions below will indicate what format the compression or translation is; from there refer to the "compression" document for cross- platform applications or executables. For Apple ][ compression formats (which are not covered here) check Q#5-9 in Part 1 of "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 - Frequently Asked Questions". ftp://ftp.cso.uiuc.edu/doc/pcnet/compression (128.174.5.61) .arc Arc (Amiga/Atari) - transfer as a binary file ['DArj'/'TEXT'] .arj Arj (PC) - transfer as a binary file ['arc@'/'TEXT'] * .bin BinHex 5.0/MacBinary (Mac) - transfer as binary file['BnHq'/'TEXT'] * .bsc Binscii (Apple ][) - transfer as a text file .cpt Compact Pro (Mac) - transfer as a binary file ['CPCT'/'PACT'] # .dsz GNU Zip (Unix) - rename to ".gz" before decompressing # .gz GNU Zip (Unix) - transfer as a binary file ['Gzip'/'Gzip'] * .hqx BinHex 4.0 (Mac) - transfer as a text file ['BNHQ'/'TEXT'] .lha LHA (Amiga/PC) - transfer as a binary file ['LARC'/'LHA '] .lzh LHA (Amiga/PC) - transfer as a binary file ['LARC'/'LARC'] $ .shk/sdk ShrinkIt archive (Apple ][ format containing files or a disk-image) .sit StuffIt Lite/Deluxe (Mac) - transfer as binary file ['SIT!'/'SITD'] .tar TAR/Tape ARchive (Unix) - transfer as a binary file ['TAR '/'TARF'] * .uue Uuencode/Uudecode (PC/Unix) - transfer as text file ['JeFF'/'TEXT'] # .Z Compress (Unix) - transfer as a binary file ['LZIV'/'ZIVU'] .zip PK Zip (PC) - transfer as a binary file ['ZIP '/'pZIP'] .zoo Zoo (Amiga/PC) - transfer as a binary file ['Booz'/'ZOO '] [Square brackets] denote Macintosh file creator/type information . * These formats are translators; uuencoding (.uue) and binhexing (.hqx) are used to convert binary files into text files so that they can be posted to a binary newsgroup or e-mailed. Binscii (.bsc) is a similar process for the Apple ][; use "Shrink II" on the Macintosh (see below). The BinHex 5.0 format (.bin) is Macintosh-specific; it is used to append the file/type creator information to the file in the first 128 bytes. Although emulators such as AppleWin can read disks with the MacBinary header, for compatibility with other emulators it is often better to remove the header. On the PC, use "bin2dsk" or "mactopc". ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/bin2dsk.zip ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/mactopc.exe # These formats are single-file compressors - the other compressors on the list compress AND archive. Consequently, .Z and .gz are often used in conjunction with other archivers, primarily Tar (.tar), resulting in the following: "filename.tar.gz" or "filename.tar.Z". Usually easier to remove on a Unix platform prior to download (use "uncompress" or "gzip" to extract). $ Okay, so I said I wasn't going to cover Apple ][ formats... Use "Nulib" by Andy McFadden for the PC or Unix to extract shrunk disk- images (usually shown by .SDK rather than .SHK) or files from this type of archive. For Macintosh users, EGO Systems provide a commercial product called "Shrink II" which can create/extract NuFX/ShrinkIt archives and other Apple ][ formats. Cost: US$39.95, from EGO Systems, 7918 Cove Ridge Rd., Hixson, TN 37343. Phone: 1-800-662-3634. Additionally, Matthew Russotto compiled "A2dearc", a Macintosh dearchiver for .SHK, .QQ and .HQX files. ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/nulib.zip (PC compile version 3.03) ftp://apple2.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/ARCHIVERS/nulib324.tar.Z (Unix source) ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/A2dearc.gz http://www.hypermall.com/ego (EGO Systems product information & ordering) IMPORTANT NOTE: Where a filename possesses two or more extensions (eg. "filename.tar.gz" or "filename.sit.hqx") ALWAYS download the file according to the LAST extension (ie. if the last extension is .uue then it is safe to download it as text). If in doubt, download it as a BINARY file. When processing, start at the LAST extension and work inwards. Remember, if using a PC, it is only possible to have one extension visible in the filename at a time. To find out more about compression in detail, try the "comp.compression.faq". ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.compression/ comp.compression_Frequently_Asked_Questions_(part_1_3) ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.compression/ comp.compression_Frequently_Asked_Questions_(part_2_3) ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.compression/ comp.compression_Frequently_Asked_Questions_(part_3_3) ******************************************************************************* 5) Creating/extracting disk-images Eager PC-owners have no doubt turned quickly to this section to learn how to read Apple ][ disks in their 5.25" drives... Well, you can't. Basically, PC drives and Apple drives use different encoding techniques. Check out Part 1,#11 in "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide for more information. But don't panic! Follow this easy two step guide to creating disk-images, and transferring them to the required computer. The following steps apply only to standard DOS, ProDOS and compatible disks (those that can be copied by Copya). More detailed instructions are usually given in the archive packages. To transfer ROMs or text files (or indeed any file from an Apple ][), just substitute those files in place of the disk-images in the following examples. Step One: CREATING DISK-IMAGES There are several methods of creating disk-images, depending upon either personal preference or (more likely) the Apple ][ hardware you have available. The minimum required is an Apple ][ with at least two 5.25" disk drives and a serial card (preferably capable of running ProDOS). This step has been split into three sections as follows: (i) creating segmented disk-images (if you only have two 5.25" drives), (ii) creating whole disk-images, and (iii) creating shrunk disk-images. It is also possible to read an image from a 5.25" drive and transfer it at the same time (if you only have one 5.25" drive, for example). This is covered in Step Two Part (i), in which case you may skip Step One. (i) Creating segmented disk-images - The largest obstacle to creating a disk- image is storing the resulting file prior to transfer. Unless you own a 3.5” drive, hard-drive or have enough RAM on your Apple to store the file, then segmenting the disk-image will permit its storage over multiple volumes. This is useful, for example, in reading a 5.25" disk in Slot 6 Drive 1 and storing it in two (or more) parts on disks in Slot 6 Drive 2. "DSK2FILE v3.0" by Ron Kneusel offers segmentation as an option. It will automatically prompt for a ProDOS pathname and filename prior to start and halfway throught the operation, thus creating two files. The "CHOP" application (for MSDOS and Macintosh, C source code for Unix) by the same author can be used to reassemble the disk-image on other platforms. Alternatively, "Diskread" by Damon J. Rand , is a DOS 3.3 BASIC application which allows the user to specify start and end tracks for segmentation (useful for varying the size of output files). Similarly, the DOS 3.3 program "Diskdump" by David A. Curran will segment a DOS 3.3 disk into eight binary files over two disks. The resulting files from both programs can be rejoined by using the "copy" command under MSDOS or concatenated by any usual method for binary files on any platform (check the documentation for further details). PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/Q/pub/apple2/dsk2file/dsk2file30.shk ftp://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/Q/pub/apple2/dsk2file/chop.c ftp://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/Q/pub/apple2/dsk2file/chop.cpt.hqx ftp://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/Q/pub/apple2/dsk2file/chop.zip http://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/software.html (WWW access to FTP site) ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/diskread.bsc ftp://ftp.uu.net/systems/apple2/unix/diskdump.aaf.Z (ii) Creating whole disk-images - If your Apple system has enough RAM, a 3.5" drive, Appleshare volume or hard-disk, then you can store a disk-image in its entirety prior to transfer. The versatile "DSK2FILE v3.0" by Ron Kneusel can be used to create whole DOS or ProDOS order disk-images. "Image" by Randy Shackelford is a faster ProDOS program which creates DOS order disk-images only. "RTRK" by Andrew Kingdom will write disk-images from 5.25" disks to larger volumes. Central Point’s “Copy II+ 7.1” also allows the creation of a proprietary disk-image format (this can be converted into a standard disk-image on the Macintosh using “Image Converter” by Lazarus I. Long). PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/Q/pub/apple2/dsk2file/dsk2file30.shk http://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/software.html (WWW access to FTP site) ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/IMAGE.SHK ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/rtrk.zip http://www.wco.com/~3d5d1wsw/gsezine/GS.WorldView/*A2.DISK.IMAGES/IC.sit (iii) Creating shrunk disk-images - "Shrunk" disk-images were not originally intended for use with emulators, being a type of NuFX archive created by ShrinkIt. As opposed to a standard .SHK file which usually contains files, an .SDK file contains a whole compressed disk (for archival or transfer purposes). This can be extracted to a disk-image under MSDOS or Unix using "Nulib" by Andy McFadden - and as such, is a better method than creating a standard disk-image, since the .SDK file is compressed for faster transfer. "Nulib" outputs a ProDOS order disk-image. Although any version of ShrinkIt can create shrunk disk archives, it is preferable to use ShrinkIt 3.0 and above (hence using a 128K //e, //c or IIGS) since earlier versions (such as IIPLUS Shrinkit) don't prompt for a disk-image title within the archive. Without a title, "Nulib" cannot extract the (nameless) image from the .SDK archive. PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/nulib.zip (PC compile version 3.03) ftp://apple2.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/ARCHIVERS/nulib324.tar.Z (Unix source) ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/shrinkit34.sdk Step Two: TRANSFERRING DISK-IMAGES (i) Creating and sending disk-images "on the fly" - In order to bypass the problems with storing disk-images on the Apple, it is possible to simultaneously create and send images via null-modem cable to a Macintosh, PC, Amiga etc. This requires a serial card and at least one 5.25" drive on the Apple. This process is intended for older Apples (those with actual serial CARDS rather than PORTS). "Apple Disk Transfer 1.21" by Paul Guertin is a comprehensive package with MSDOS and Apple ][ (DOS 3.3) executables to simplify transfer. "MacADT v120a1s" by Hideki Naito gives a Macintosh interface for ADT. Another similar transfer program is "Senddisk" by Rich Williamson , which also has a DOS 3.3 and MSDOS executable. "A2PCTR v1.1" by Nye Liu transfers a disk-image as a hex dump to the MSDOS platform. The "Apple II Disk Transfer Utility PRO" by Ronald W.H. Mak and Alan W.L. Siu is an integrated Apple II/MSDOS package written in assembly. For further details consult the instructions included with the relevant package. PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/adt121.zip ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/MacADT120a1s.sit.hqx ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/senddisk.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/a2pctr11.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/apibm206.arj (ii) Sending disk-images by modem/null-modem cable - With your disk-image(s) created in Step One, there are several methods which can be used to move them to your Macintosh, PC or Amiga. Using the serial card or port on the Apple and a telecommunications package (see Q#3, Step 6 in Part 1 of the "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 Frequently Asked Questions" guide for Apple comm programs) send the image via null-modem cable to another computer, or via modem to an Internet account, BBS, etc. The Apple //e and IIGS can be networked to a Macintosh, allowing easy transferral of disk-images from the Apple to a network volume. The "][ in a Mac" emulator by COMPUTER:applications, Inc. also possesses the ability to create ProDOS order disk-images via a null-modem cable. PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/][inamac.txt (iii) Transferring via disk to compatible drives - As mentioned earlier, the standard PC 5.25" drive cannot read Apple ][ disks. However, all Macintosh computers can read, write and format 3.5" ProDOS disks - with the "ProDOS File System" extension, System 7.5 (with standard DOS-mounting software) or Apple File Exchange installed. Since Macintosh Superdrives can also read PC 3.5" floppies, disk-images can by easily transferred to MSDOS computers. Alternatively, use a Macintosh LC which has the IIE card attached. Place your 5.25" disk into the attached external drive and use the "DSK2FILE" program under the emulator, specifying either the Macintosh hard-drive, RAM, or the 3.5" floppy as the path. From there, take the ProDOS 800K disk and insert it into the internal Macintosh drive. For Apple //e, //c, IIGS compatibility with 3.5" drives and Macintosh 880K disks, check Q#37-45 in Part 2 of "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 - Frequently Asked Questions". Amiga owners with an Amiga 1020 5.25" disk-drive (or equivalent) can use "Disk2File" by Ron Menelli to read unprotected Apple 5.25" disks and create a standard disk-image. A 40 track drive is recommended, although 80 track drives are supported. There MAY be problems with drive-speed reading Apple ][ disks; this can be adjusted following instructions appearing in the "1541.doc" file ("1541" allows Amiga 5.25" drives to read C64 disks). "Disk2File" is included as part of the "Apple2000" emulator package for the Amiga. PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/1541.lha ftp://ftp.apple.com/software/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-startup-disk-image.hqx (the "ProDOS File System" is part of the disk-image - use Disk Copy to extract). ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/Apple2000v13.lha (contains "Disk2File") (iv) Miscellaneous - If you don't have a serial card on your Apple, try "Ap2222PC" by Clay Chang. This DOS 3.3 program will transfer disk and sequential text files between the PC and Apple using the Apple game I/O port, one 5.25" drive and the PC parallel port (use 48K DOS only!). Alternatively, "Apl2serial" by Warren Toomey contains details on connecting an Apple's cassette port output to a PC via RS232 cable, as well as binary executables for creation/transfer. Or, use "SoundReader" by Mike Kienenberger , which transmits binary data from an Apple to a NeXT via the audio ports on the respective machines. PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/ap2222pc.zip ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/apple2/apple8/Emulators/ap2222pc.bsc (A2 archive) ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/apl2serial.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/SoundReader.tar.gz NOTE: It is a great deal easier to transfer disk-images from the Macintosh or Amiga to the PC (via 720K or 1.44Mb DOS disks) than it is from the Apple ][ straight to the PC (although there are hardware boards to connect Apple 5.25" drives to the PC, they are rare). On the Macintosh, use either PC Exchange software (which allows PC 720K and 1.44Mb disks to be inserted into Mac HD disk- drives), Apple File Exchange, or System 7.5 (with standard DOS-mounting software). On the PC, use Macsee or Mac-Ette (both Shareware) or Macindos, which all read 1.44Mb Macintosh disks. On the Amiga, use Dos2Dos (KS 1.2/1.3) or CrossDOS (inbuilt KS/WB2.1) to read 720K DOS disks in the Amiga 3.5" drive. NOTE: Macintosh 400/800K disks are NOT compatible with either Amiga or PC drives. Always ensure Binary/Data translation rather than MacBinary! MAKING COPY-PROTECTED DISK-IMAGES Super Saltine's Transcopy (SST) - A complete package for the expert disk-image creator! The "Sst.readme" file contains the necessary instructions (which are too detailed to repeat here). SST may not work on some computers; a suggested fix from Bob Colbert follows: 1) Boot the Dos 3.3 floppy with SST on it and get to the ] prompt 2) Type: CALL -151 3) Type: BLOAD SST 4) Type: 1F4E:EA 5) Type: BSAVE SST, A$B00, L$5500 PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/images/utility/Super_Saltines_Transcopy/ ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/sst.zip (archive of package) EXTRACTING DISK-IMAGES It is possible to convert a disk-image BACK to an Apple ][ 5.25" disk. "UnImage v0.1" by Ivan Drucker will convert disk-images back to disks. One of the options of "DSK2FILE 3.0" by Ron Kneusel is to write an image file back to 5.25" floppy. Alternatively, "DeImage v0.1" by Ivan Drucker extracts Applesoft and Binary files from disk-images into ProDOS, although the process will only work with standard DOS3.3 disks (ie. disks possessing a catalog). Finally, "UnForkIt v0.1" also by Ivan Drucker converts forked files on ProDOS volumes to one or two unforked files. These utilities all require the disk-image to be on a mounted ProDOS volume. "Apple Disk Transfer 1.20" by Paul Guertin can transfer a disk-image from MSDOS or Macintosh to a 5.25" Apple drive via null-modem cable. Finally, it is possible to create a "shrunk" disk-image in reverse. Having reordered the disk-image into ProDOS Order (if necessary), use "Nulib" (version 3.2 or greater is required) to create a shrunk-disk (.sdk) archive. Transfer the file back to the Apple and use ShrinkIt to decompress the image back to a diskette. PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/deimage0.1.shk ftp://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/Q/pub/apple2/dsk2file/dsk2file30.shk http://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/software.html (WWW access to FTP site) ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/unforkit0.1.shk ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/unimage0.1.shk ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/adt120.zip ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/MacADT120a1s.sit.hqx ftp://apple2.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/ARCHIVERS/nulib324.tar.Z (Unix source) ******************************************************************************* 6) Disk-image formats & conversion MACINTOSH/PC/UNIX There are five main types of cross-platform disk-images. The first three are also covered in Part 13 of the "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide, and the last two in the "SIMIIE.DOC" and "APL24WIN.HLP” files (included as part of the SimIIe and Apple II Emulator for Windows packages respectively). Nibble images and the creation of images from protected software is covered in the "Sst.readme" file included as part of the SST package. THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS APPLY TO UNCOMPRESSED DISK-IMAGE FILES ONLY! Disk-images CAN be copied between platforms and they WILL work with a variety of emulators. If in doubt ALWAYS ensure BINARY translation between platforms! 1) DOS3.3 Order (DO/.DSK) - The most widely-used disk-image format, easily translated into other formats. As suggested by the title, data is stored track by track and sector by sector (Track 0, Sector 0 -> Track 22, Sector 15) for a standard 1:1 copy of a 35 track, 16 sector DOS 3.3 disk (256 bytes per sector). It usually has a .DSK extension. This image is 143360 bytes in size (143488 with MacBinary header). On the MACINTOSH - DO: To use this format with Stop The Madness, ensure that the file is downloaded or transferred in binary - not Macbinary - mode (and is 143360 bytes) and set the file type to 'DSK5' and the creator to 'A2EM' using ResEdit, UUlite, etc. STM will *NOT* recognize the disk-image unless it has the correct file type/creator, even if it is of the correct size and is a binary file. "Drop?Disk" is a drag-and-drop application which automatically converts the file type and creator of disk-images for use with STM. There are a number of utilities for the Macintosh which modify disk-images: "Easy.STM Convert.1.0" by Jim Surine , "Aconv v1.0" by Dan Bornstein and "Converter" will reorder disk-image sectors into the DO type used by STM. DO to PO: To re-order the sectors into ProDOS order, use "DOS Order Converter" by Rene Gaudet or "ProDOS-Order Converter" (the "mapper" algorithm automatically reorders between the two formats). PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/converter.hqx ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/easy.convert.1.0.sea.hqx ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/do2po_v0.1.sit.hqx ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/Po_to_Do.gz ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/ProDOSOrderConv.sit.bin On the PC - To use this format with Apl2Em or Applewin, ensure that the file is downloaded or transferred in binary mode (and is 143360 bytes) and that it has an eight character filename and .DSK extension. The current version of Apl2Em requires that the D1 and D2 disk-images have default names (usually SYSTEM.DSK and BLANK.DSK respectively), so you will have to rename your disk-image files to use them. Applewin can actually read .DSK files of 143488 bytes (.bin files) but for compatibility with other emulators it is better to translate the files correctly prior to use. No other form of conversion is necessary. 2) ProDOS Order (PO/.DSK) - An older disk-image format (used more widely with Unix emulators, since ShrinkIt archives extracted by "Nulib" produce PO images) which is the same size as the DO format. This disk-image stores data in block rather than track/sector format (block 0, block 1 -> block 279) - the difference in the structure is due to ProDOS interleaving data in blocks (which equal two DOS sectors). This image is also 143360 bytes in size. On the MACINTOSH - PO: To use this format with ][ In a Mac, drop a DO or Copy II+ 7.1 5.25” image file onto “Image Converter” by Lazarus I. Long and select the required format. PO to DO: The file must be downloaded in binary mode. The application "Easy Convert" will re-order the sectors of a disk-image into DOS3.3 Order. This will automatically set the file type/creator attributes upon output to 'DSK5'/'A2EM'. Alternatively, use "ProDOS-Order Converter". PROGRAM LOCATIONS: http://www.wco.com/~3d5d1wsw/gsezine/GS.WorldView/*A2.DISK.IMAGES/IC.sit ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/easy.convert.1.0.sea.hqx ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/Po_to_Do.gz ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/ProDOSOrderConv.sit.bin On the PC - PO to DO: To re-order the sectors into DOS3.3 order, use "Mapper" by Rene Gaudet . PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/mapper.zip ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/utility/mapper.zip 3) Nybblized DOS3.3 Order (NDO/.NIB) - Unlike the previous two disk-image formats, NDO is structured by a nibble editor. According to Part 1,#13 of the "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide, "every three bytes of data have been 'bit twiddled' into four bytes, and each sector has an 'address field' that has the track and sector numbers." Originally used only by ApplEmu to store standard software, NDO can be used to store copy-protected or non-standard Apple disk-images (created by SST - see "Super Saltines Transcopy" in Chapter 5 of this FAQ). The conversion utilities listed below are solely for use with ApplEmu (non-protected software) images! This image is 232960 bytes in size. On the MACINTOSH - There is currently no way to convert either from or to NDO on the Macintosh. On the PC - DO to NDO: To convert PO disk-images to NDO (for use with Applemu), use "Em2Emu" by Tom Baker . NDO to DO: Use "Emu2Em" by Dan Scholnik to re- order this format back into the "standard" 143360 size. PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/em2emu.zip ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/utility/em2emu.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/emu2em.zip ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/utility/emu2em.zip 4) SimIIe (IIE/.IIE) - This format is used solely by SimSystem IIe, and is recognized by a .IIE extension. According to "SIMIIE.DOC" this format adds a 30 byte header to the binary and GCR disk-images (none of the other formats possess a header) and adjusts the interleaving of the binary disk-image from DOS3.3 to raw hardware format. The binary format is used to store non copy-protected images. This image is 143390 bytes in size. Since no FTP sites store disk- images in IIE format, there is currently no need for a program to convert IIE back to DO or NDO formats. According to the "SIMIIE.DOC" this image can also store GCR format - "disk data in its purest GCR encoded format, the same way it is stored on a real Apple II...which makes this format suitable for many copy- protection methods used on Apple II products." GCR format files will vary in length - usually greater than 200K. On the MACINTOSH - There is currently no way to convert either from or to IIE on the Macintosh. On the PC - DO to IIE: Use "Dsk2iie" to convert disks from Apl2Em (DO) format to SimIIe format. SimIIe utilities, including "dsk2iie", are available in the "sim2du10.zip" archive released by Galen C. Hunt . PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/sim2du10.zip (contains "dsk2iie") 5) Apple II For Windows (A4W/.A4W) - This format is used solely by the Apple II Emulator for Windows, and is recognised by a .A4W extension. According to the Apple II Emulator for Windows help file this format adds a file header separated from the data section of the disk-image by two bytes with value 26 (1Ah). The binary format is used to store non copy-protected images. This image is 143388 bytes in size. Since no FTP sites store disk-images in A4W format, there is currently no need for a program to convert A4W back to DO or NDO formats. On the MACINTOSH - There is currently no way to convert either from or to A4W on the Macintosh. On the PC - DO to A4W: Follow the instructions under the “Disk II Diskette File Format” heading in the Apple II Emulator for Windows help file. 6) Copy II+ 7.1 Image files (.IMG) - This version of Central Point’s Copy II+ apparently possessed the ability to write 5.25” images on 3.5” disks. On the MACINTOSH - This image can be converted into a standard disk-image on the Macintosh using “Image Converter” by Lazarus I. Long PROGRAM LOCATIONS: http://www.wco.com/~3d5d1wsw/gsezine/GS.WorldView/*A2.DISK.IMAGES/IC.sit AMIGA The Apple 2000 emulator on the Amiga uses three disk-image formats (this section is excerpted from the "Apple 2000.doc" file included with the Apple 2000 package). 1) DDD - Dalton Disk Disintegrator archives (DDD was a common disk compression utility for the Apple). The emulator automatically decompresses them. Archives of this format can be saved on the Amiga and transferred back to the Apple. 2) .DISK - Filenames with a .DISK suffix are raw disk-images with no compression. They are capable of storing images of non-DOS and copy-protected disks, but are about 220K in size. According to the documentation, this format is to be phased out of the emulator. 3) .PROG - Filenames with a .PROG suffix are executable files; these are single files that were runnable from Apple DOS 3.3/ProDOS and did not require any disk access thereafter. These files now do not even require booting any Apple disk and are simply loaded into the appropriate Apple memory areas and instantly started. As to using the "standard" 143360 byte disk-image (see below) with Apple 2000, they MUST be fully translated and decompressed - especially with regard to the 128 byte header added by Binhex 5 (.bin) on the Macintosh. Then rename the 143360 byte disk-image with a .disk extension. ***These Amiga formats are included for the sake of completeness - no disk- images are stored in these formats on FTP sites (except for Apple ][ archives, which contain Applesoft/Basic files and can be used with the .PROG extension on the Amiga).*** ******************************************************************************* 7) Working with disk-images ADDING/REMOVING FILES Applications exist which allow the incorporation of single DOS 3.3 files - such as those found on "pure" Apple ][ FTP sites or in the Apple binary newsgroup - into existing or new disk-images. Programs such as "dsk_in" and "dsk_out" by Tom Baker and "VIEWDISK" and can write Apple files into disk-images, and extract same to MSDOS files. The "Apple2 Dos Utility Package v1.0" by William Night contains MSDOS executables for "DosStrip" and "DFormat" to copy a disk's DOS and format other disk-images with that DOS (useful for removing or replacing DOS 3.3), as well as "DiskRead" and "DiskWrit" which read and write files for disk-images. For Windows users, try "a2dsk v001" by Jeff Miller. On the Macintosh, "Apple ][ DOS 3.3 Utility v1.0.0" and "A2 Disk Edit v1.1.0" by Hideki Naito offer the ability to transfer different types of Basic (binary and Applesoft) files as well as text files. “Image2File v1.1” is another Macintosh utility by Ron Kneusel which can read Dos, ProDOS and Pascal DO and PO images. For SimSystem disk-images, use "aftp" by Galen C. Hunt which browses, extracts and adds files to SimIIe disk (.IIE) and hard-disk volumes (.HDV) - part of the "sim2du10" archive. The SST package contains ANSI C, MSDOS and Amiga executables for "Extract", a file which extracts binary files from disk-images. "Extract 2" by Bob Colbert is a newer version of the MS-DOS executable. Amiga users can also use "afid" by George Phillips on DOS3.3 disk-images to catalog, read and write files. "afid" is included as part of the "Apple2000" emulator package for the Amiga. By the same author, "udisk" is a program (in C source code) which can read files from ProDOS and C64 1541 disk-images. These applications are of vital use to use who do not possess the ability to make disk-images on an original Apple ][; finding a single Apple file on an FTP site and using it with an emulator is no longer an insurmountable problem. Unfortunately, all of the utilities described above (except "udisk") are designed only for DOS 3.3 disks and will not work on ProDOS volumes. PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/dsk_in.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/dsk_out.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/viewdisk.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/a2_dos_utils_v1.zip ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/A2D33Uti098a1.sit.hqx ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/A2D33U100.sit.hqx ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/a2diskedit110.sit.hqx.txt http://keaggy.intmed.mcw.edu/image2file.html ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/sim2du10.zip (contains "aftp") ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/sst.zip (contains "EXTRACT") ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/extract2.zip ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/Apple2000v13.lha (contains "afid") ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/udisk.shar.gz CATALOGING To catalog a disk-image without running an emulator, try "catalogger" by Kevin Lund on the Macintosh or "dsk_cat.zip" on the PC. For SimIIe disk-images, use "aftp" by Galen C. Hunt - part of the "sim2du10" archive. The SST package contains ANSI C, MSDOS and Amiga executables for "CATALOG", a file which catalogs standard DOS 3.3 images. Amiga users can also use "afid" by George Phillips on DOS3.3 disk-images to catalog, read and write files. "Afid" is included as part of the "Apple2000" emulator package for the Amiga. PROGRAM LOCATIONS: ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/catalogger.sit.hqx ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/dsk_cat.zip ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/utility/dsk_cat.zip ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/sim2du10.zip (contains "aftp") ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/sst.zip (contains "CATALOG") ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/Apple2000v13.lha (contains "afid") ******************************************************************************* 8) Apple DOS/ProDOS commands These commands are intended for use with disk-images which contain either DOS 3.3 or any version of ProDOS. "Changing" the disk-image is equivalent to physically removing a disk from the Apple 5.25" or 3.5" drive and replacing it with another. As such, there is no DOS command to "change" a disk-image - it is a function integral to the emulator you are using (a menu command, icon or key equivalent)... Most disks use custom DOS (especially games) and will automatically boot when the computer is switched on or reset. If it comes up with a "*" prompt after boot, it means that DOS on that disk(-image) is bad, and the computer (or emulator) has entered the Assembly Language Monitor. "All disk-related operations are controlled by a special program called the DISK OPERATING SYSTEM, or DOS. BASIC transmits requests to DOS for any operation involving the disk. The DOS returns the results to BASIC." ('Apple II User's Guide' p.164) Several versions of DOS exist for the Apple. DOS 3.2 used 13 sector per disk; DOS 3.3 used 16. Filenames under DOS 3.3 could be from 1 to 30 characters in length (comprising any uppercase keyboard character - including spaces and excepting commas). DOS 3.3 cannot accept lower-case commands (so remember to press CAPS LOCK on ][+ machines and emulators) and does not support sub-directories. ProDOS similarly uses uppercase filenames but they are restricted to 15 characters, lowercase commands and sub-directories are accepted. Both DOS 3.3 and ProDOS use the "]" prompt. DOS 3.3 also uses the ">" prompt for Integer BASIC programs. A partial list of commands follows: BLOAD - Loads a machine language (binary) file. BRUN - Executes a machine language (binary) file. BSAVE - Saves a machine language (binary) file. BYE (ProDOS only) - Exits BASIC.SYSTEM. CAT (ProDOS only) - Abbreviated 40-column catalog giving a list of files, file type, size in blocks and last modification date. Some common ProDOS file type are given below: SYS - System executable TXT - Text file BAS - Applesoft BASIC program (executable) BIN - Machine language (binary) file CATALOG - Under ProDOS, it provides an 80-column listing giving a list of files, file type, size in blocks, modification and creation dates, endfile data and subtype. Under DOS 3.3 it produces a list of files, file type, size in sectors (1 - 255) and disk label. Common DOS 3.3 file types are given below: A - Applesoft BASIC programs B - Binary image (machine language) files I - Integer BASIC programs T - Text files R - Relocatable binary S - ? * - File is locked (protected from modification/deletion) CREATE (ProDOS only) - Creates sub-directories. DELETE - Deletes UNLOCKED files. The command can specify slot, drive or volume number (DOS 3.3) or volume prefix (ProDOS); otherwise it assumes the file is in the current directory. EXEC - Executes a text file; any text file containing a BASIC program will be automatically input as though it was typed. Direct commands will be executed. Thus BASIC programs can be more easily entered into a text-editor and then EXECuted on an Apple, and then saved. INIT - Initializes a disk under DOS 3.3, with a greeting program of choice (typically named HELLO). Usage INIT HELLO. LOAD - Loads an Applesoft BASIC (or Integer BASIC under DOS 3.3) file. LOCK - Locks a file. PREFIX (ProDOS only) - Changes sub-directory. RENAME - Renames files. Usage RENAME OLDNAME,NEWNAME under DOS 3.3. RUN - Executes an Applesoft or Integer BASIC program under DOS 3.3; Applesoft only under ProDOS (which does not support Integer BASIC). To execute any ProDOS filetype, use the "-" character instead of RUN or BRUN. SAVE - Saves an Applesoft BASIC file. Since it is saved into a "tokenised" format (ie. Applesoft reserved words are replaced by ASCII codes or "tokens") the BASIC files are not plain text. To reverse the EXEC command and produce a plain text copy of a BASIC file; place the following line in the BASIC program and RUN: 0 TEXT:PRINT CHR$(21):HOME:POKE 33,33:PRINT CHR$(4);"OPEN filename.txt":PRINT CHR$(4);"WRITE filename.txt":LIST 1,63999:PRINT CHR$(4);"CLOSE filename.txt": TEXT:END (suggested by Dave Althoff, Jr. ). UNLOCK - Unlocks the file. VERIFY - Verifies file (under DOS 3.3, it recalculates the checksum for each sector of the file). ******************************************************************************* 9) Further Reading The respective documents for each emulator are in their archive package. The Apple ][ documents I mentioned (and related items of interest) are listed alphabetically below: "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)" by James Vera and Tom Baker . ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/emulate-apple2-faq http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/emulate-apple2-faq/faq.html 'Apple II User's Guide' by Lon Poole with Martin McNiff & Steven Cook. (c) 1981 OSBORNE/McGraw-Hill, 630 Bancroft Way, Berkeley, California 94710, USA. ISBN 0- 931988-46-2. Exerpts are quoted without permission. "AppleUni FAQ" is a compilation of E-Mail questions from Peter Pauen and was prepared by Andrew J. Kroll . The FAQ is included in the AppleUni archive (see "AppleUni" in Chapter 2 of this FAQ). "Commodore 64 and Apple 2 Ultima FAQ" by Caliaber Dragon ; this FAQ appears regularly on alt.games.ultima.dragons and rec.games.computer.ultima-dragons. "COMP.EMULATORS.APPLE2 FAQ" - see "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 - Frequently Asked Questions (and answers)" by Dan DeMaggio ; this FAQ appears regularly on comp.sys.apple2. ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/apple2/part1 ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/apple2/part2 “The Definitive Source Guide to Secret Keys, Easter Eggs and Hidden Messages: 1st Edition Apr. 15, 1992” compiled by The Ramsacker. "The Hindenburg Project FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions, and answers) 1.0" by Tony Morales . ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/he/hexman/hindenburg/faq "VirtualGS(tm) Project -- DESCRIPTIONS AND CHARTER" by Jered Floyd . ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs/info/VirtualGS.Info.unix http://www.mit.edu:8001/people/jered/vgs/vgshome.html For a list of general emulators (listed by platform/processor emulation), try: "COMP.EMULATORS.MISC Frequently Asked Questions" by Adam Roach ; this FAQ appears regularly on comp.emulators.misc. ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/emulators-faq/part1 ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/emulators-faq/part2 ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/emulators-faq/part3 *****END OF FILE*****